Volume 1 Series 2025

Multigrade education presents unique challenges and demands for teachers, requiring them to manage diverse student needs, curricula, and classroom dynamics. This study examines the core behavioral competencies and teaching performance of multigrade teachers in the Division of Kalinga, Philippines. Employing a descriptive research design, the study surveyed 112 multigrade teachers across ten districts. Data were gathered using a checklist and document analysis of the Results-Based Performance Management System (RPMS) ratings. Results indicated that teachers demonstrated very satisfactory competencies in self-management, professionalism, teamwork, service orientation, and innovation. Factors such as educational attainment, teaching position, class size, and distance from school significantly influenced core competencies, with teachers holding higher positions and advanced degrees exhibiting stronger professional ethics and teamwork. Moreover, teaching performance was rated as outstanding for most teachers, with a significant difference observed based on teaching positions, where Teacher III outperformed lower-ranked counterparts. These findings highlight the importance of continuous professional development, tailored training, and support mechanisms to enhance multigrade teaching effectiveness. Strengthening pedagogical strategies, resource allocation, and institutional support can further elevate multigrade education outcomes. The study underscores the need for policy interventions to optimize the teaching-learning experience in multigrade settings, ensuring equitable and high-quality education in geographically challenged areas.

Language competence is required among teachers for effective professional practice because they use language as both a medium and an object of instruction. This study aimed to determine private basic education teachers' language competence and develop a proposed intervention program. A mixed-method approach was utilized to gather data. The study revealed that basic education teachers have an overall basic level of language competence. This is attributed to insufficient knowledge of grammatical rules, workload, lack of awareness of the language’s social rules, lack of seminars and training for professional development, use of code-switching, a weak foundation in sensitivity, culture, behavior, and non-verbal communication, and anxiety in using English. Furthermore, English teachers and those with higher educational attainment have an advanced level of overall language competence, while teachers with longer years of teaching and those with higher educational attainment have an advanced level of sociolinguistic and strategic competence, respectively. This implies that teachers who do not specialize in English, who are new to the teaching profession, and those with a bachelor's degree must undergo more training and seminars to enhance their language competence. Hence, there is a necessity to propose and implement a differentiated developmental program.

This study examined the human resource practices of private Engineering Higher Education Institutions within the Cagayan Valley Region towards employee retention. It employed a quantitative approach to gather data. The study aimed to answer research questions related to the profile of engineering schools, the profile of engineering educators, the practices employed by schools to retain engineering educators, and potential differences in retention practices based on school profiles. The research was conducted among private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the Cagayan Valley Region, focusing on specific engineering schools. The findings revealed various HR practices employed by engineering schools to retain educators, including hiring strategies, faculty development programs, remuneration and compensation schemes, incentive mechanisms, and management practices. The results also indicated significant differences in assessments based on factors such as training attendance and patents published. In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the practices and factors influencing the retention of engineering educators. The findings can inform the development of effective strategies and policies to enhance faculty retention, improve the quality of engineering education, and address the challenges faced by educators in the Cagayan Valley Region.

The study navigated along the five ISA areas of management in sustaining quality performance in civil engineering in the Cagayan Valley Region. The study utilized a quantitative research design to analyze the status of management in HEIs offering BSCE in Region 2 for the past five years. The respondents of the study were the CE passers from 2014 to 2019, CE instructors, CE program chairs/heads, and deans. Four CE schools participated in this study, along with 390 respondents composed of alumni, faculty, program chairs/heads, and deans. The study revealed that the civil engineering schools in the region have displayed a strong commitment to the five ISA areas of management in sustaining quality performance in civil engineering. The implications of the results of the study for CE education, particularly in sustaining quality performance, will be ascertained.

The challenge of engineering education is to simultaneously prepare students for their first job and their career 25 years later. This suggests that engineering education must provide initial competencies for careers. The main purpose of the study is to find out what the competency requirements are of industries for electronic engineering graduates. The list of competencies was identified by the managers and supervisors of agencies that take care of communication systems in government and private firms. Based on the analysis, skills demanded by the industries are both soft skills and hard skills. Soft skills desired by them are communication skills, both oral and written, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Knowledge of the use of technology as a tool to research, organize, evaluate, and communicate information, as well as the use of digital technologies such as GPS, networking tools, and social networks to manage, integrate, evaluate, and create information, is expected from a graduate of Electrical Engineering. Hard skills required by industries from EE graduates are technical skills in managing large-scale electronic equipment or machinery for use in manufacturing or power generation or transmission.

Child protection is a fundamental human right and a crucial component of quality education. This study aimed to assess the level of compliance of public secondary schools in [Location] with the Child Protection Policy (DepEd Order No. 40, Series of 2012) and to identify the factors influencing its implementation. A mixed-methods research design was employed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative data were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to school administrators, teachers, and students. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with key informants. The findings revealed varying levels of compliance among schools, with significant disparities observed in terms of awareness, training, and resource allocation. While most schools had established Child Protection Committees, challenges such as inadequate training, limited resources, and lack of awareness hindered effective implementation. Furthermore, cultural factors, societal norms, and bureaucratic constraints were identified as additional barriers to compliance.

In the competitive landscape of public administration, organizational empowerment is pivotal in fostering proactive, efficient, and high-performing employees. This study examines the relationship between organizational empowerment and work performance among government employees in the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Gonzaga, Cagayan. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were gathered from 60 government employees through an Organizational Empowerment Questionnaire and their Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form (IPCRF). The study evaluates three dimensions of empowerment: Dynamic Structural Framework, Control of Workplace Decisions, and Fluidity in Information Sharing. Findings indicate that employees exhibit a high level of empowerment in structural framework and information sharing but only moderate empowerment in workplace decision-making. The analysis further reveals a significant positive correlation between organizational empowerment and work performance (r = 0.650, p < 0.05), suggesting that enhanced empowerment fosters better performance and productivity.

Communicative strategic competence, as identified in several studies, encompasses the utilization of compensatory strategies when encountering challenges in grammar, sociolinguistics, or discourse. Furthermore, strategic competence emphasizes an individual's capacity to modify their verbal and nonverbal communication in order to overcome challenges arising from limited grammar proficiency or unfamiliarity with social and communicative norms. This involves employing strategies to compensate for potential difficulties and ensure effective communication despite these limitations. The study aimed to examine the communicative strategic competence of pre-service teachers. A mixed method was utilized to gather data. The study revealed that pre-service teachers are in the process of developing their communicative strategic competence, showing some understanding but requiring additional support and training to enhance their skills. This implied the need to propose and implement a developmental program to enhance pre-service teachers' communicative strategic competence.

Leadership plays a critical role in shaping organizational performance, particularly in the public sector, where ethical and effective leadership are essential. This study examines the practice of servant leadership among government supervisors in the Cagayan Valley Region, focusing on five dimensions: altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping, and organizational stewardship. Using a descriptive-survey research design, data were collected from 110 government employees through a standardized servant leadership questionnaire. The findings indicate that government supervisors exhibit servant leadership to a great extent across all dimensions, with the highest ratings in wisdom and altruistic calling. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in servant leadership based on supervisors' age, educational attainment, or years of service. However, a significant difference was found in persuasive mapping between male and female supervisors, with male supervisors demonstrating stronger persuasion and influence. The study underscores the importance of servant leadership in fostering employee engagement, job satisfaction, and commitment to public service. These results suggest that government agencies should strengthen servant leadership training programs to reinforce ethical leadership and public service commitment. Future research may explore servant leadership's impact on employee performance and organizational effectiveness in broader government settings.

This study conducted a design simulation for a microwave radio link for the extension of the bandwidth from the Point-of-Presence facility. The microwave radio link design was simulated using the Pathloss tool and the modulation technique of 128 QAM modulation. Different antenna dimensions of 1.8m, 1.2m, and 0.6m were used in order to perform design simulations to correlate stated variables that are characterized for the microwave link. Based on the design simulations, Design Simulation 3 with the smallest antenna dimension of 0.6m resulted in a minimal link unavailability of 0.08 minutes and had the highest link availability of 99.99998%, which translates to a reliable radio link that is within the reference of the acceptable range of values for link availability. As the dimensions of the antenna were changed, there was a significant change in the link unavailability time. Small diameter antennas are favorable to use, when possible, because of their small aperture for wind and tower, which results in considerably less tower leasing costs.